![]() ![]() have proposed a fast and accurate approach to compute modal solution for an irregular shape of patch derived from a regular shape. Therefore, arbitrary-shaped patches are formed by perturbing the regular shape, which might improve the radiation characteristics. Generally, the perturbation theory comprises a mathematical tool, which approximates a complicated system in terms of simpler one with known solution. This improved method includes fringe field correction with physical radiations. using rapidly convergent discretization of patch perimeter only. Later, Okoshi's contour integral (CI) method for arbitrary patch shape has been improved by Omar et al. These node currents are combined to give total patch current. Further, Yang and Shafai proposed a nodal-based analysis of arbitrary-shaped micrsotrip antenna, which has subdivided geometry, sharing common nodes with orthogonal current components. In, the point-matching method is adopted for solving resonant frequency of arbitrary-shaped MPA. Then in, an efficient approach to compute resonant frequency, modal current, quality factor, and far-field radiation patterns has been developed by using MPIE formulations in space domain. Later, Mosig has applied the MPIE technique in irregular microstrip patch shapes using the method of moments (MoM) with subsectional basis functions for current and charge distribution. In, an improved segmentation technique is developed to analyze arbitrary-shaped antennas for resonant frequency, input impedance, and radiation patterns. Further Tseng and Han applied the CAD-based computation method to achieve an optimum design of broadband, circularly polarized slot antenna.įurthermore, the numerical analysis has extended to compute various parameters as electric current distribution, input impedance, resonant frequencies, and field patterns for arbitrary-shaped MPA. Later in, optimized profiles are obtained for monopole antennas by using global optimization and FEM for ultrawide-band (UWB) applications. The optimization capabilities of Ansoft HFSS are discussed in, which are useful to improve the design within a restricted domain by exploiting the macro scripting language. These modification approaches include, removing or protruding patch metallization, changing antenna profile through global optimization, etc. Thereafter, modification in the shape of radiating patch has shown to improve the radiation characteristics such as impedance bandwidth, gain, and cross-polarization level (CPL). Further, the full-wave analysis is applied to characterize regular shaped patch resonators using the numerical techniques such as mixed potential integral equation (MPIE), finite-difference time-domain (FDTD), finite-element method (FEM), etc. These antennas consist of a metallic radiating patch on the grounded dielectric substrate with proper feeding techniques as coaxial probe, microstrip line, aperture coupling, and proximity coupling. Microstrip patch antennas (MPA) have been extensively used in wireless communication systems owing to its attractive characteristics, such as low profile, light weight, and ease of fabrication. ![]()
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